KOREAN MORPHOLOGY · NOMINALS

Particles

Particle classes

Case particles JKS, JKC, JKG, JKO, JKB, JKV, and JKQ, auxiliary JX, and conjunctive JC form functional transitions. A particle query uses particle POS; a nominal query consumes particles after the host.

학교에서는 completes 학교/NNG+에서/JKB+는/JX.

Allomorphs

Subject 이/가, object 을/를, and topic 은/는 inspect the host coda. Directional 으로/로 selects 로 after a vowel or final ㄹ and 으로 after other consonants.

길로 is valid, while the same path rejects 집로. Coda checks decompose normalized Hangul syllables.

Particle chains

A plural marker may continue to a case or auxiliary particle. A case particle may continue only to auxiliaries declared by its next field, such as topic, additive, exclusive, limit, or even. 만 may continue to topic or additive, while 까지 has its own topic, additive, exclusive, and even continuations. Rules with an empty next, including 도, 이면/면, and 이나/나, terminate the chain.

For example, n:학교 under --boundary smart matches 학교에서는 through 에서/JKB+는/JX. It does not match 학교에서가: no transition permits subject 가/JKS after 에서, so the remaining suffix prevents token closure.